The OWASP Top 10 is the gold standard for web application security risk awareness. The 2025 update reflects the dramatic changes in the threat landscape, particularly the emergence of AI-powered attacks and LLM-specific vulnerabilities.
Key Changes in 2025
The most significant addition is LLM-specific vulnerabilities — prompt injection, insecure output handling, and training data poisoning have entered mainstream web security consciousness.
Top Risks and Mitigations
- Broken Access Control: Implement server-side authorization checks
- Cryptographic Failures: Use TLS 1.3, avoid MD5/SHA1
- Injection (SQLi, XSS, SSTI): Parameterized queries, input validation
- LLM Prompt Injection: Input sanitization, output validation